1.According to the lesson, what is the most accurate definition of psychology?
2.Which branch of psychology most directly studies how people change their thoughts and behavior in groups?
3.Which statement best reflects the lesson's distinction between cognitive neuroscience and behavioral neuroscience?
4.Why does the lesson reject the idea that one branch of psychology is the only correct way to study thought and behavior?
5.Which statement best reflects the core view of nativism as introduced in the lesson?
6.What does tabula rasa, or the blank-slate view, illustrate in this lesson?
7.According to the perspective presented in the lesson, what is the most appropriate way to explain complex psychological differences?
8.A researcher finds that someone's genes influence their response to a stressful environment, while prolonged environmental conditions affect the expression of those genes. Which conclusion from the lesson does this most strongly support?
9.In Descartes' dualism, what is the relationship between mind and body?
10.In the version of monism introduced in the lesson, where do thoughts, behavior, and emotions ultimately come from?
11.What principle of scientific reasoning does the lesson illustrate using Descartes' mistake?
12.Helmholtz found that touching the thigh produced a faster response than touching the toe. What explanation does the lesson use this finding to support?
13.What is the central claim of phrenology?
14.What reason does the lesson give for classifying phrenology as pseudoscience?
15.A researcher observes just two people: one enjoys poetry and has a bump in a particular part of the skull; the other dislikes poetry and has a depression there. According to the lesson, what is the most reasonable conclusion?
16.Although phrenology itself is pseudoscience, what important idea does the lesson say it contributed to modern neuroscience?
17.How did structuralism attempt to understand consciousness?
18.What does the lesson identify as the main problem with structuralism's use of introspection?
19.Instead of asking what it feels like to see a red circle, a researcher asks what purpose color vision serves. Which approach does this better reflect?
20.Although functionalism is no longer common as a separate approach, which general idea does the lesson say continues in evolutionary psychology?
21.Which basic difficulties does the lesson identify in psychological research? Select all that apply.
22.A researcher, accompanied by police officers, asks students whether they have used illegal drugs. All answer no. What does the lesson suggest this most likely illustrates?
23.A respondent reports exercising much more often than they actually do in order to appear socially acceptable. What phenomenon is this?
24.What is the central idea of the Hawthorne effect?
25.What does scientific skepticism require us to do first when faced with a claim?
26.When evaluating a claim such as a strategy increases happiness, which questions are reasonable according to the lesson? Select all that apply.
27.Which behavior illustrates scientific humility in the lesson?
28.How does the lesson distinguish scientific views from pseudoscience in their response to additional data?
29.How did Clever Hans actually produce his supposedly intelligent performances?
30.When the questioner did not know the answer beforehand, Hans's accuracy fell from about 89% to about 6%. What does this control condition most strongly indicate?
31.In the experiment with allegedly bright and dull rats, why should the groups have performed similarly?
32.What does the lesson recommend to reduce observer bias or experimenter expectancy effects?
33.What does operational definition mean in the lesson?
34.Why can one attribute have different operational definitions, with a definition being more useful in one setting than another?
35.A researcher uses smile frequency to represent happiness. Happy people generally smile more, but some do not smile and some unhappy people do. How would the lesson evaluate this measurement?
36.A study claims to investigate happiness but uses only the number of cars someone owns to represent it. According to the lesson, what is the main problem?